CCNP考试介绍

　　　　　　　　　　　
　CCNP(Cisco Certified Network Professional)是在CCNA的基础之上的一项思科职业资格认证，获得CCNP资格的专业人员将具有100到500多个节点的大型企业网络安装、配置和运行LAN、WAN及拔号访问业务的能力;但CCNP资格的取得是必须在取得CCNA资格的前提之上的，这一点与CCIE对考生的资格没有任何要求是不同的，其考试可以选择3门基础考试+1门排错考试或1门综合基础考试+另1门基础考试+1门排错考试这两种方式，其中后者难度较前者大，但是可以省下1门的考试费。

CCNP考试报名流程
　　CCNP考试注册是需要有CCNA的证书做为基础的，即考生需要通过CCNA以后才可以参加CCNP的考试！需要考试的考生首先需要选择考试中心，CCNP是一项国际认证，可以在全球的Prometric或VUE考试中心考试。
选定考场以后，考生可以直接与考试中心联系注册考试，考试通过以后到思科网站上进行注册，注册地址：https://www.certmanager.net/cisco/，签定协议以后一个月左右即可收到从美国思科总部邮寄的CCNP证书！

CCNP考试内容：


CCNP 642-801 BSCI：（变化程度：20%）<变为BSCI 642-901>

1、	增加IPv6 的概念。
2、	新增RIP v2。该考点以前为CCIE认证的知识范畴，现在调整到BSCI课程，RIP v1的内容在ICND2.0已经涉及到。
3、	增加NAT的概念和配置，NAT转换采用更高级的Route－map控制，增加ODR协议，去掉IGRP协议，EIGRP协议中增加STUB区域，ISIS协议中去掉抽象理论，增加实用配置，BGP中去掉Router Reflector , 增加12.2 IOS版本新技术。
4、	OSPF保留多区域配置，删除单区域配置，单区域考点在ICND2.0开始考查了。
5、	路由性能及优化部分增加了MPLS知识。

CCNP 642-811 BCMSN：（变化程度：70%）<变为BCMSN 642-812>
　

1、	IOS采用Native IOS版本，淡化CAT OS。Cat OS和Native IOS的比较和介绍：Cat OS为基于SET命令集，Native IOS 为命令集等同于路由器。（据12.25日考过的网友说，Cat的知识一点没涉及到）.
2、	交换机标准设备变动较大，更换成：访问层的2950交换机，分布层的3550交换机，核心层的4006以及6500交换机。
3、	在VLAN中引入802.1Q Trunking(Q in Q).
4、	对于多播部分加入了IGMPv3,还加入了Cisco IP Telephony技术。
5、	增加STP的内容：包括RSTP和MSTP。
6、	采用 HSRP, VRRP, GLBP, SRM, SLB 做 router redundancy.
7、	在三层交换机中更加细致的讲述了CEF-Based MLS，增加CISCO私有的多层交换技术：CEF(思科快速转发)。
8、	Cisco引入AVVID架构概念。
9、	Multilayer Switched Networks 的安全性及优化.
10、	增加园区网Qos设计与实现，QoS是BCMSN的重点.
11、	增加组播部分内容.
12、	对于网络分析功能，介绍SPAN，VSPAN，RSPAN和硬件NAM的配置。

CCNP 642-821 BCRAN：（变化程度：40%）<变为ISCW 642-825>
　　

1、	取消CISCO700，X.25、Windows 95拨号连接，删掉WIN 95/NT拨号配置。
2、	增加Cable Modem内容。
3、	增加了DSL技术包括：ADSL，VDSL,SDSL，S.SHDSL，IDSL等DSL技术。
4、	增加PPPoE， PPPoA协议。
5、	增加了VPN内容，包括IPSec和加密技术。

CCNP 642-831 CIT：（变化程度：50%）<变为ONT 642-845>
　

1、	增加OSPF以及EIGRP的排错。
2、	取消AppleTalk和IPX的排错内容。
3、	增加Qos以及组播的排错。
4、	CIT的新版课程变化很大，除了介绍一些排错理念、排除方法论和排错工具外，还有针对其他三门课程内容的排错,如OSPF, NAT, QoS, ADSL, VPN等。也从以前重点讲述技术转变为重点讲述技术文档的建立、完善和Troubleshooting流程及日志。
5、	增加VPN排错。

旧版CCNP考试内容：

BSCIv2.0
适用认证：CCDP/CCIP/CCNP
考试号： 642-801
BSCI变化程度：20%

考点难点：
1.新增Routing Information Protocol Version 2(RIP v2).该考点以前为CCIE认证的知识范畴，现在调整到BSCI课程，RIP v1的内容在ICND2.0已经涉及到了。
2.OSPF保留多区域配置，删除单区域配置，单区域考点在ICND2.0开始考查了。
3.路由性能及优化部分增加了MPLS知识4.增加IPv6 的概念5.增加NAT的概念和配置
Technology
• List the key information routers needs to route data
• Describe classful and classless routing protocols
• Describe link-state router protocol operation
• Compare classful and classless routing protocols
• Compare distance vector and link state routing protocols
• Describe concepts relating to extending IP addresses and the use of VLSMs to extend IP addresses
• Describe the features and operation of EIGRP
• Describe the features and operation of single area OSPF
• Describe the features and operation of multi-area OSPF
• Explain basic OSI terminology and network layer protocols used in OSI
• Identify similarities and differences between Integrated IS-IS and OSPF
• List the types of IS-IS routers and their role in IS-IS area design
• Describe the hierarchical structure of IS-IS areas
• Describe the concept of establishing adjacencies
• Describe the features and operation of BGP
• Explain how BGP policy-based routing functions within an autonomous system
• Explain the use of redistribution between BGP and Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)

Implementation and Configuration
• Given a set of network requirements, identify the steps to configure an Enhanced IGRP environment and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of your routers
• Given an addressing scheme and other laboratory parameters, identify the steps to configure a single-area OSPF environment and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of your routers
• Given an addressing scheme and other laboratory parameters, identify the steps to configure a multiple area OSPF environment and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of your routers
• Given an addressing scheme and other laboratory parameters, identify the steps to configure Cisco routers for proper Integrated IS-IS operation
• Identify the steps to select and configure the different ways to control routing update traffic
• Identify the steps to configure router redistribution in a network
• Identify the steps to configure policy-based routing using route maps
• Given a set of network requirements, identify the steps to configure a BGP environment and verify proper operation (within described guidelines) of your routers
• Identify the steps to configure a router for Network Address Translation with overload, static translations, and route maps.

Design
• Describe the three-layer hierarchical design model and explain the function of each layer: Access, Distribution and Core
• Given specific requirements, choose the correct routing protocol to meet the requirements
• Identify the correct IP addressing scheme, including features of IPv6
• Describe the concepts relating to route summarization and apply them to hypothetical scenarios

Troubleshooting
• Identify the steps to verify OSPF operation in a single area
• Identify the steps to verify OSPF operation in multiple areas
• Identify verification methods which ensure proper operation of Integrated IS-IS on Cisco routers
• Identify the steps to verify route redistribution
• Describe the scalability problems associated with internal BGP
• Interpret the output of various show and debug commands to determine the cause of route selection errors and configuration problems
• Identify the steps to verify Enhanced IGRP operation

BCMSNv2.0
适用认证：CCNP
考试号：642-811
BCMSN变化程度：70%

考点难点：
1.交换机标准设备变动大：由于1900和5000交换机已经停产，课程不再涉及到上述产品，设备更换成：访问层的2950交换机，分布层的3550交换机，核心层的4006以及6500交换机。
2.Cat OS和Native IOS的比较和介绍：Cat OS为基于SET命令集，Native IOS 为命令集等同于路由器。
3.增加STP的内容：包括RSTP和MSTP
4.采用 HSRP, VRRP, GLBP, SRM, SLB 做 router redundancy
5.增加CISCO私有的多层交换技术：CEF(思科快速转发)
6.增加AVVID的架构
7.增加802.1Q Tunneling
8.Multilayer Switched Networks 的安全性及优化
9.增加园区网Qos设计与实现
10.增加组播部分内容
11.交换机内Switching Database Manager specifically Content Addressable Memory (CAM) 和 Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) 的功用

Technology
• Describe the Enterprise Composite Model used for designing networks and explain how it addresses enterprise network needs for performance, scalability and availability
• Describe the physical, data-link and network layer technologies used in a switched network, and identify when to use each
• Explain the role of switches in the various modules of the Enterprise Composite Model (Campus Infrastructure, Server Farm, Enterprise Edge, Network Management)
• Explain the function of the Switching Database Manager [specifically Content Addressable Memory (CAM) and Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM)] within a Catalyst switch
• Describe the features and operation of VLANs on a switched network
• Describe the features of the VLAN trunking protocols including 802.1Q, ISL (emphasis on 802.1Q) and dynmic trunking protocol
• Describe the features and operation of 802.1Q Tunneling (802.1QinQ) within a service provider network
• Describe the operation and purpose of managed VLAN services
• Describe how VTP versions 1 and 2 operate including domains, modes, advertisements, and pruning
• Explain the operation and purpose of the Spanning-Tree Protocol (STP) on a switched network
• Identify the specific types of Cisco route switch processors, and provide implementation details
• List and describe the operation of the key components required to implement interVLAN routing
• Explain the types of redundancy in a multilayer switched network including hardware and software redundancy
• Explain how IP multicast operates on a multilayer switched network, including PIM, CGMP and IGMP
• Describe the quality issues with voice traffic on a switched data network, including jitter and delay
• Describe the QoS solutions that address voice quality issues
• Describe the features and operation of network analysis modules on Catalyst switches to improve network traffic management
• Describe Transparent LAN Services and how they are implemented in a service provider network

Implementation and Operation
• Convert CatOS to native IOS on Catalyst switches and manage native IOS images according to best practices
• Configure access ports for static and multi-VLAN memebership
• Configure and verify 802.1Q trunks
• Configure and verify ISL trunks
• Configure VTP domains in server, client and transparent modes
• Enable Spanning Tree on ports and VLANs
• Configure Spanning Tree parameters including: port priority, VLAN priority, root bridge, BPDU guard, PortFast and UplinkFast
• Implement IP technology on a switched network with auxiliary VLANs
• Configure and verify router redundancy using HSRP, VRRP, GLBP, SRM, and SLB
• Configure QoS features on multilayer switched networks to provide optimal quality and bandwidth utilization for applications and data
• Configure Fast EtherChannel and Gigabit EtherChannel to increase bandwidth for interswitch connections

Planning and Design
• Compare end-to-end and local VLANs, determine when to use each
• Design a VLAN configuration with VTP to work for a given specific scenario
• Select multilayer switching architectures, given specific multilayer switching needs
• Describe the general design models when implementing IP telephony in a switched network environment
• Plan QoS implementation within a multilayer switched network

Troubleshooting
• Troubleshoot common VLAN problems on a switched network
• Tune and troubleshoot spanning-tree protocol on a multilayer switched network to enhance network performance, prevent network loops, and minimize downtime
• Identify interVLAN routing performance and scalability issues, and propose solutions
• Verify and troubleshoot interVLAN routing on a switched network
• Identify QoS implementation issues at the network access layer
• Identify QoS implementation issues at the network distribution and core layers

BCRANv2.0
适用认证：CCIE/CCNP
考试号：642-821
BCRAN变化程度：40%

考点难点：
1.增加Cable Modem内容
2.增加DSL技术(ADSL)
3.增加PPPOE以及PPPOA协议
4.增加VPN内容
5.取消CISCO700，X.25,Windows 95拨号连接
General Knowledge
• Describe how different WAN technologies can be used to provide remote access to a network, including asynchronous dial-in, Frame Relay, ISDN, cable modem, and DSL
• Describe traffic control methods used to manage traffic flow on WAN links
• Explain the operation of remote network access control methods
• Identify PPP components, and explain the use of PPP as an access and encapsulation method
• Describe the structure and operation of virtual private network technologies
• Describe the process of Network Address Translation (NAT)

Implementation and Operation
• Configure asynchronous modems and router interfaces to provide network access
• Configure an ISDN solution for remote access
• Configure frame relay operation and traffic control on WAN links
• Configure access control to manage and limit remote access
• Configure DSL operation using Cisco IOS
• Configure VPN operation using Cisco IOS
• Configure Network Address Translation (NAT)

Planning and Design
• Design a Cisco remote access solution using asynchronous dial-up technology
• Plan a Cisco ISDN solution for remote access or primary link back-up
• Design a Cisco frame relay infrastructure to provide access between remote network components
• Design a solution of access control to meet required specifications
• Plan traffic shaping to meet required quality of service on access links

Troubleshooting
• Troubleshoot non-functional remote access systems
• Troubleshoot a VPN system
• Troubleshoot traffic control problems on a WAN link

CITv5.0
适用认证：CCNP
考试号：642-831
CIT变化程度：50%

考点难点：
1.以前CIT课程跟其他三门科目联系不紧密，现在新版课程除了介绍一些排错理念、排除方法论和排错工具外，还有针对其他三门课程内容的排错,如 OSPF, NAT, QoS, ADSL, VPN等。
2.取消AppleTalk和IPX的排错内容
3.增加OSPF以及EIGRP的排错
4.增加Qos以及组播的排错5.增加VPN排错

Technology
• Identify troubleshooting methods
• Explain documentation standards and the requirements for document control

Implementation and Operation
• Establish an optimal system baseline
• Diagram and document system topology
• Document end system configuration
• Verify connectivity at all layers
• Select an optimal troubleshooting approach

Planning and Design
• Plan a network documentation system
• Plan a baseline monitoring scheme
• Plan an approach to troubleshooting that minimizes system downtime

Troubleshooting
• Use Cisco IOS commands and applications to identify system problems at all layers
• Isolate system problems to one or more specific layers
• Resolve sub-optimal system performance problems at layers 2 through 7
• Resolve local connectivity problems at layer 1
• Restore optimal baseline service
• Work with external providers to resolve service provision problems
• Work with system users to resolve network related end-use problems

注：考试后去CISCO网站注册方法
每考完CISCO一个认证后(考完5至10天)要到CISCO网站注册，网址在成绩单上，是http://www.cisco.com/go/certifications/login

注册步骤如下:

1．进入上面的网址，如果是第一次使用Tracking System，点击click here设置密码，填上Last name(你的姓，要和成绩单上姓一致)和Registration ID（在成绩单上），填好后点击Create；password，完成密码设置过程。自己设的密码一定要记住呀，接下来的登录还要用！
2．密码设好后，回到了登录界面，输入Test ID(成绩单上的candidate id) 或 Cisco ID和Password，点击Login按钮；
3．在Personal information中有个人信息，须要检查或填写的主要有以下几项：
* E-MAIL ADDRESS:
* Mailing/Correspondence Address:
* Localized Information:(用中文填写)
4．在Certification Agreement中签协议；
5．在test history中有考试记录。
其他的信息可以自己看看，总之Tracking System 使考生与CISCO联系更加方便，为考生更改个人信息和了解CISCO认证提供了一个网上平台。

报名须知：
1.新考生报名手续： 携带有效证件一张 ( 公民身份证 境外人员护照 在伍军人军官证等) --填写考试注册表格,包括(中英文的姓名 地址 考试课程 证件号等个人信息) --缴费注册；

2.老考生报名手续： 携带有效证件一张 (公民身份证 境外人员护照 在伍军人军官证等) --提供VUE考试中心注册的VUE填写注册表 (中英文的姓名、VUE考试课程名及其考试代码、交费凭证号、考试日期、身份证号码、电话号码) --缴费注册；

3.注册交全额考试费；

4.因考生填写考试登记表或传真不清楚而引起的注册错误，一切责任由学员自己负责。

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